What are Trading Securities? Trading securities are securities purchased by a company for the purpose of realizing a short-term profit. Companies do not intend to hold such securities for a long period of time; thus, they will only invest if they believe they have a good chance of being compensated for the risk they are…
What is a Trial Balance? A trial balance is a report that lists the balances of all general ledger accounts of a company at a certain point in time. The accounts reflected on a trial balance are related to all major accounting items, including assets, liabilities, equity, revenues, expenses, gains, and losses. It is primarily…
What is a General Ledger (GL)? In accounting, a General Ledger (GL) is a record of all past transactions of a company, organized by accounts. General Ledger (GL) accounts contain all debit and credit transactions affecting them. In addition, they include detailed information about each transaction, such as the date, description, amount, and may also…
What is a Regressive Tax? A regressive tax is a tax applied in a way that the tax rate decreases with the increase of the taxpayer’s income. This type of tax places more burden on low-income demographics rather than the high-income population. The imposed burden is determined by the percentage of the tax amount relative…
What is the Accounting Equation? The accounting equation is a basic principle of accounting and a fundamental element of the balance sheet. The equation is as follows: Assets = Liabilities + Shareholder’s Equity This equation sets the foundation of double-entry accounting, also known as double-entry bookkeeping, and highlights the structure of the balance sheet. Double-entry…
What are Biological Assets? Biological Assets are assets that are living – for example, trees, animals, or cannabis. The balance sheet presents a company’s assets at a given point in time, classifying them by type and assigning a value to each. International Accounting Standard 41 (IAS 41) states that a biological asset is any living plant or animal owned…
What is Revenue vs Income? This guide provides an overview of the main differences between revenue vs income. Revenue is the sales amount a company earns from providing services or selling products (the “top line”). Income can sometimes be used to mean revenue, or it can also be used to refer to net income, which…
What is the Percentage of Completion Method? The percentage of completion method is a revenue recognition accounting concept that evaluates how to realize revenue periodically over a long-term project or contract. Revenue, expenses, and gross profit are recognized each period based on the percentage of work completed or costs incurred. Understanding the Percentage of Completion…
What is the Completed Contract Method? The completed contract method of revenue recognition is a concept in accounting that refers to a method in which all of the revenue and profit associated with a project is recognized only after the completion of the project. In addition to the completed contract method, another way to recognize revenue…
What is a Capital Expenditure? A capital expenditure (“capex” for short) is the payment with either cash or credit to purchase long-term physical or fixed assets used in a business’s operations. The expenditures are capitalized on the balance sheet (i.e., not expensed directly on a company’s income statement) and are considered an investment by a…
