What Was LIBOR? LIBOR, or the London Interbank Offered Rate, was a benchmark interest rate that represented the average rate at which major global banks were willing to lend to each other on a short-term basis. It was calculated for five currencies (USD, GBP, EUR, JPY, CHF) and multiple borrowing periods, or “tenors,” ranging from…
What is Expected Return? The expected return on an investment is the expected value of the probability distribution of possible returns it can provide to investors. The return on the investment is an unknown variable that has different values associated with different probabilities. Expected return is calculated by multiplying potential outcomes (returns) by the chances of…
What is Short Covering? Short covering, also called “buying to cover”, refers to the purchase of securities by an investor to close a short position in the stock market. The process is closely related to short selling. In fact, short covering is part of short selling, which involves the risky practice of borrowing and selling…
What is Rolling LEAP Options? Rolling LEAP options refers to extending the trading duration of stock options to the next trading period. Investors rollover options to manage a winning or losing position. In a losing position, they extend the time to hopefully prevent losses before they close the position. However, they must possess sufficient and…
What is an L Bond? An L Bond refers to an unrated life insurance bond that finances the purchase and premium payments of life insurance contracts bought in the secondary market. The bond offers a higher yield than other publicly traded offerings to compensate for the risk that the insurance policy benefits may not be…
What is Market Value Added? Market value added (MVA) is the amount of wealth that a company is able to create for its stakeholders since its foundation. In simple terms, it’s the difference between the current market value of the company’s stock and the initial capital that was invested in the company by both bondholders…
What is Passive Income? Passive income is any money earned in a manner that does not require too much effort. There are several passive income-generating ideas that require a lot of work to begin with, like developing a blog or leasing property, but eventually, they earn money even when the owner is asleep. Reasons for…
What is Coattail Investing? Coattail investing refers to an investment strategy where an investor replicates the investment style of well-known successful investors. Individual investors use information published on the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) website to know what companies a specific investor invested in. Coattail investing works well when the institution or investor being mimicked invests…
Pessimist vs. Optimist Investors Differentiating between pessimist vs. optimist investors is best defined by the saying, “A pessimist is an optimist with experience.” An optimist is hopeful and confident that things will turn out for the better. On the other hand, a pessimist always keeps in mind the possibility of the worst outcome. An optimist’s…
