What is the Kyoto Protocol? The Kyoto Protocol is a treaty created by the United Nations in 1997 that aimed to reduce carbon emissions worldwide, thereby combating global warming or climate change. The name, Kyoto, was derived from the city in Japan where the protocol was adopted. The Kyoto Protocol was an extension of the…
What is a Bullish Engulfing Candlestick? A bullish engulfing candlestick shows a pattern of trading prices for a particular security, indicating a reversal in price trends. A candlestick is a type of chart that represents the four important prices for intraday trading: opening, closing, day’s high and day’s low, for any security. Understanding Bullish Engulfing…
What is Double-Spending? Double-spending is a problem that arises when transacting digital currency that involves the same tender being spent multiple times. Multiple transactions sharing the same input broadcasted on the network can be problematic and is a flaw unique to digital currencies. The primary reason for double-spending is that digital currency can be very…
What are Dual-Class Stocks? Dual-class stocks refer to a stock offering structure within a company. A dual-class structure means that a company offers two types (or classes) of stocks. The purpose of offering class A and class B stocks, for example, is to differentiate between stocks with different dividend payouts and decidedly different voting rights….
What is Dollarization? Dollarization is the process by which a country decides to use two currencies – the local currency and generally a stronger, more established currency like the US dollar. A dollarization process can either be partially or completely done. Many times, it is performed because residents no longer believe in the domestic currency…
What is Disintermediation? Disintermediation is the removal of different elements within the middle of a supply chain. The intermediaries in product development – or “middlemen” – are removed from the supply chain to cut costs or shorten the time duration within a chain. Disintermediation can influence the overall cost of the product, as well as…
What is the Exogenous Growth Theory? The Exogenous Growth Theory is a theory of neoclassical economics that asserts that outside – exogenous – factors are more critical in determining the success of an economy, industry, or individual business than inside – endogenous – factors. The main implication of the exogenous growth theory is that the…
What is Expropriation? Expropriation refers to a government taking over any property that is privately owned, with or without the permission of the owners, for the benefit of the general public. Properties can be expropriated for the construction of roadways, airports, and other infrastructure projects. The government can also expropriate property in a heavily polluted…
What is Extended Trading? Extended trading (or electronic trading hours) is trading conducted by electronic networks either before or after the trading day of a stock exchange, i.e., pre-market trading or after-hours trading. It tends to be limited in volume than regular trading hours when the exchange is open. Pre-market stock trading in the U.S….
