Managed Futures

What are Managed Futures?

Managed futures is a subclass of alternative investment strategies used by large funds and institutional investors to achieve both portfolio and market diversification. With the ability to take both long and short positions, managed futures are diversified, highly-flexible, liquid, transparent, ideal risk management tools with the potential to profit from rising and falling markets.

The substantial growth of the managed futures industry over the past few decades can be attributed to greater investor awareness and continuous improvement in information technology. As of the first quarter of 2020, the managed futures (CTA) industry was valued at $278 billion, according to BarclayHedge, a leading research-based provider of information services to alternative investments.

Managed Futures vs. Hedge Funds

Managed futures are different from hedge funds in the sense that while hedge funds can trade in a wide variety of markets, including fixed income derivatives, over-the-counter, and individual equity. On the other hand, managed futures can generally only trade in exchange cleared futures, options on futures, and forward markets.

CTAs and CPOs

Managed futures funds are operated by Commodity Pool Operators (CPOs) and Commodity Trading Advisors (CTAs). CTAs are individuals or organizations responsible for the actual trading of managed accounts. They provide individualized advice regarding the buying and selling of commodity futures, futures options, and/or forward contracts on broad asset classes.

The two major types of CTAs are technical traders and fundamental traders. Technical traders employ systematic quantitative investment strategies and use computer programs to follow pricing trends, whereas fundamental traders understand demand and supply factors to forecast prices. There are approximately 1,800 CTAs registered with the National Futures Association, each with its own unique method of managing assets.

CPOs are the organizations managing commodity pools. They are mostly in the form of limited partnerships, which hire CTAs to direct the day-to-day trading of the fund or portion of it. They combine the performance of a variety of external CTAs or DFMs and are thus called “Manager of Managers.” There are around 1,100 CPOs registered with the NFA.

Approaches for Trading Managed Futures

1. Market-neutral strategy

A market-neutral strategy is frequently used by investors or investment managers to reduce some form of market risk or volatility by taking matching long and short positions in a particular industry. It is a form of hedging that aims to generate returns from both increasing and decreasing prices independent of the market environment.

The ultimate goal is to maintain zero beta exposure to the overall market and thus, the success of the strategy depends purely on the portfolio manager’s ability to select individual stocks.

2. Trend-following strategy

Unlike the market-neutral strategy, trend trading involves using various indicators/technical signals to determine the direction of market momentum. Trend traders tend to enter into a short position when the price of the asset goes down and may take a long position when the price goes up.

Benefits of Trading Managed Futures

1. Risk reduction

Managed futures, when used in conjunction with traditional asset classes, have the potential to lower the overall portfolio risk and increase returns as they can be traded across a wide range of global markets and have a low correlation to traditional asset classes such as stocks and bonds. Also, they have historically performed well and have provided excellent downside protection in a traditional portfolio during adverse market conditions.

2. Non-correlation

Managed futures exhibit weak correlation to traditional asset classes such as stocks and bonds. The low correlation is a result of managed futures managers’ ability to go long or short across equity index, fixed income, commodity, and foreign exchange markets without taking on any systematic exposure to beta. During times of inflationary pressure, investing in managed futures can provide a counterbalance to the losses that may occur in the equity and bond market.

3. Diversification opportunities

The rise in actively traded futures contracts and the establishment of global commodity exchanges have made managed futures a natural choice for investment portfolio diversification. Managed futures can be traded in over 150 financial and commodity markets worldwide, including agricultural products, metals, energy products, equities, currencies, stock indexes, etc. CTAs, thus, have the opportunity to profit from a wide variety of non-correlated markets.

4. Limits drawdowns

Drawdowns – peak-to-valley decline in equity or of a trading account or during a specific period of investment – are inevitable and cannot be completely avoided. However, because CTAs can go long or short – and typically adhere to strict stop-loss limits by placing an offsetting order to limit the losses when the price of the security reaches a specified level – managed futures funds have the potential to limit drawdowns more effectively than many other investments.

Related Readings

CFI is the official provider of the global Commercial Banking & Credit Analyst (CBCA)™ certification program, designed to help anyone become a world-class financial analyst. To keep advancing your career, the additional CFI resources below will be useful:

• Contango vs. Backwardation
• Hedging Arrangement
• Open-end vs Closed-end Mutual Funds
• Futures and Forwards
• See all derivatives resources