What is the Middle Office? The middle office is a department within a financial services institution. It comprises a team of employees that includes risk managers, information technology officers, and other officers who manage risks within the organization, as well as managing information technology. How It Works A financial services institution, such as an investment…
What is the Middle East and North Africa (MENA)? MENA is an abbreviation that stands for the Middle East and North Africa. The Middle East and North Africa is a region comprising of a heterogeneous group of countries. According to the World Atlas, the MENA region consists of 19 countries ranging from oil-exporting nations in…
Who was Milton Friedman? Milton Friedman was an American economist who advocated for free-market capitalism. Friedman’s free-market theories influenced economic policies during his time as one of the University of Chicago’s leading intellectuals. Most of Friedman’s opinions criticized the Keynesian-style economic model, which he observed to be ineffective, or at best, effective only to a…
What are Material Participation Tests? Material participation tests are a set of criteria that the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) uses to determine if an individual actively participated in a business, trade, or other income-producing activity. A taxpayer must pass at least one of the several material participation tests to be considered a material participant. Understanding…
What is the Maximum Loan Amount? The maximum loan amount refers to the highest amount that a financial institution or a bank authorizes an applicant to borrow. The maximum loan amount is applicable to credit cards, standard loans, and line-of-credit accounts. Understanding the Maximum Loan Amount There are several factors that come into play when…
What is Maximum Foreseeable Loss? A maximum foreseeable loss is an insurance term that refers to the worst possible scenario where the claim for damages and loss is the highest. It means that the damages suffered by the insured party are significant, and he/she needs the highest possible payout to restore them to their previous…
What is Max Pain (Options)? Max pain is a situation in which the stock price locks in on an option strike price as it nears expiration, which would cause financial losses for the highest possible number of options traders. It attempts to explain how, during the last days, the underlying stock prices often cluster around…
What is a Mature Industry? A mature industry is an industry that has passed the introduction stage, growth stage, and shake out stage, but has not yet reached the declining stage. A mature industry is a stage in the industry life cycle that includes five stages – introduction, growth, shakeout, maturity, and decline – and…
What is a Medallion Signature Guarantee? A medallion signature guarantee is a certification stamp that lenders – such as banks and other financial institutions – provide to allow investors to transfer ownership of securities. It will generally be required by parties when the owner intends to transfer securities. The medallion signature guarantee protects…
What is Melt Up? Melt up is a financial term that refers to a sharp improvement in the performance of the stock market due to reasons other than fundamental improvements in the economy. The improvement in investment performance is mainly driven by investor sentiment, where investors flock into buying stocks because they notice the market…
