What is Succession Planning? Succession planning refers to the process in which employees are recruited and developed with the aim of filling a key role within an organization. It increases the availability of experienced and competent employees who are prepared to replace old leaders as they leave, retire, or die. The preparation for the employee…
What is Shareholder Value? Shareholder value is the financial worth owners of a business receive for owning shares in the company. An increase in shareholder value is created when a company earns a return on invested capital (ROIC) that is greater than its weighted average cost of capital (WACC). Put more simply, value is created…
What is Vertical Integration? Vertical integration is when a firm extends its operations within its supply chain. It means that a vertically integrated company will bring in previously outsourced operations in-house. The direction of vertical integration can either be upstream (backward) or downstream (forward). It can be achieved either by internally developing an extended production…
What is a Vertical Merger? A vertical merger is a union between two companies in the same industry but at different stages of the production process. In other words, a vertical merger is the combination and integration of two or more companies that are involved in different stages of the supply chain in the production…
What is Total Addressable Market (TAM)? Total Addressable Market (TAM), also referred to as total available market, is the overall revenue opportunity that is available for a product or service if 100% market share is achieved. Because it represents the potential opportunity, it is often used to determine the level of funding or resources that…
What is the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA)? The Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model uses time-series data and statistical analysis to interpret the data and make future predictions. The ARIMA model aims to explain data by using time series data on its past values and uses linear regression to make predictions. Understanding the ARIMA…
What is Adjusted Beta? Adjusted beta tends to estimate a security’s future beta. It is a historical beta adjusted to reflect the tendency of beta to be mean-reverting – the CAPM’s beta value will move towards the market average, of 1, over time. The beta estimate based purely on historical data – known as the unadjusted…
What is the Net Debt-to-EBITDA Ratio? The net debt-to-EBITDA ratio measures a company’s ability to pay off its liabilities. It shows how much time the company needs to operate at the current debt and EBITDA levels to pay all of its debt. The net debt-to-EBITDA ratio is similar to the debt-to-EBITDA ratio in that it…
What is the Vasicek Interest Rate Model? The Vasicek Interest Rate Model is a mathematical model that tracks and models the evolution of interest rates. It is a one-factor short-rate model and assumes that the movement of interest rates can be modeled based on a single stochastic (or random) factor – the market risk factor….
What is a Non-Qualified Stock Option (NSO)? A non-qualified stock option (NSO) is a type of stock option used by employers to compensate and incentivize employees. It is also a type of stock-based compensation. Unlike incentive stock options (ISOs), which come with special tax benefits, holders of non-qualified stock options are required to pay taxes…
