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What is Weighted Average Shares Outstanding?
Weighted average shares outstanding refers to the number of shares of a company calculated after adjusting for changes in the share capital over a reporting period. The number of shares of a company outstanding is not constant and may change at various times throughout the year, due to a share buyback, new issues, conversion, etc.
The number of weighted average shares outstanding is used in calculating metrics such as Earnings per Share (EPS) in order to provide a fair view of a company’s financial condition.
Undistorted view of Earnings Per Share
Simply using the number of shares outstanding at the end of the reporting period might give a distorted picture of the company. Imagine a situation where the company exercises a share buyback at the end of the year. If that figure is taken and used to calculate EPS, then the EPS would be much higher, and it would eventually amount to polishing the financial figures.
Calculation of “Weighted Average Shares Outstanding”
Suppose that Company XYZ Corporation has 500,000 shares at the beginning of its fiscal year. At the beginning of the second quarter, debenture holders of the company decided to convert their holdings into equity shares totaling 100,000 shares. At the beginning of the fourth quarter, the company buys back 50,000 shares with its cash surplus.
Now, the shares outstanding at the end of the year stand at 500,000 + 100,000 – 50,000 = 550,000. Now, should we use the figure to calculate EPS? No.
We will use 562,500 because, in the above calculation, we assigned weights according to the time proportion that the share outstanding figure was unchanged. For example, the opening figure of 500,000 remained unchanged for 3 months (i.e., 25% of the total time of the year) until the start of the second quarter, after which it changed.
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The Scope of “Shares Outstanding”
Shares outstanding include shares owned by retail and institutional investors and restricted shares held by company officials and employees. Changes in the composition of the holdings do not change the number of total shares outstanding. New share issues, the exercise of stock options, conversion, and cancellations through buybacks will change the figure.
To achieve a proper and fair view of the changes in the number of shares and for the calculation of EPS, the method of weighted average shares outstanding is used.
Basic EPS vs. Diluted EPS
The EPS calculated using the “Weighted Average Shares Outstanding” is actually the “Basic EPS.”
The formula is as follows:
Basic EPS = (Net Income – Preferred Dividend) / Weighted Average Shares Outstanding
Basic EPS uses outstanding shares, which are actually held by the public and company insiders. These shares are non-dilutive because they do not include any options or securities that can be converted.
On the other hand, while calculating the dilutive EPS, the denominator includes all possible conversions that can take place and increase the number of shares held by parties. Diluted EPS is always less than the basic EPS, as the denominator in the latter is higher. Companies with options, convertible bonds, etc., disclose both basic as well as diluted EPS in their financial disclosures.
In case there is a large difference between basic and diluted EPS, investors should be aware of the possible increase in the number of shares outstanding in the future.
More Resources
Thank you for reading CFI’s guide to Weighted Average Shares Outstanding. To prepare for the FMVA curriculum, these additional CFI resources will be helpful:
CFI is a global provider of financial modeling courses and of the FMVA Certification. CFI’s mission is to help all professionals improve their technical skills. If you are a student or looking for a career change, the CFI website has many free resources to help you jumpstart your Career in Finance. If you are seeking to improve your technical skills, check out some of our most popular courses. Below are some additional resources for you to further explore:
CFI is a global provider of financial modeling courses and of the FMVA Certification. CFI’s mission is to help all professionals improve their technical skills. If you are a student or looking for a career change, the CFI website has many free resources to help you jumpstart your Career in Finance. If you are seeking to improve your technical skills, check out some of our most popular courses. Below are some additional resources for you to further explore:
Below is a break down of subject weightings in the FMVA® financial analyst program. As you can see there is a heavy focus on financial modeling, finance, Excel, business valuation, budgeting/forecasting, PowerPoint presentations, accounting and business strategy.
A well rounded financial analyst possesses all of the above skills!
Additional Questions & Answers
CFI is the global institution behind the financial modeling and valuation analyst FMVA® Designation. CFI is on a mission to enable anyone to be a great financial analyst and have a great career path. In order to help you advance your career, CFI has compiled many resources to assist you along the path.
In order to become a great financial analyst, here are some more questions and answers for you to discover:
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