Gross domestic product (GDP) is a standard measure of a country’s economic healthEconomic IndicatorsAn economic indicator is a measure of the overall state of the macroeconomy. Economic indicators are often collected by a government agency or private business intelligence organization in the form of a census or survey, which is then analyzed further to generate an economic indicator. Analysts and investors and an indicator of its standard of living. Also, GDP can help compare the productivity levels between different countries.
The biggest advantage of GDP is that calculations of the measure are fairly uniform from country to country. Thus, the comparison between the countries provides a high level of accuracy. Furthermore, GDP indicates economic expansion or compressionDeflationDeflation is a decrease in the general price level of goods and services. Predominantly, deflation is negative inflation. When it occurs, the value of currency grows over time. Thus, more goods and services can be purchased for the same amount of currency. Deflation is widely regarded as an economic problem that can and determines the growth or decline of the economy.
Different organizations such as the World Bank, the United Nations, and International Monetary Fund collect and publish data on GDP estimates in all countries.
Nominal GDP
Nominal GDP is a GDP measured at current market price levels. Nominal GDP is not adjusted to inflationInflationInflation is an economic concept that refers to increases in the price level of goods over a set period of time. The cause for inflation in the short and me, so it is likely that the figures below are higher than real GDP estimates. GDP estimates were published by International Monetary Fund in June 2018.
Figure 1. Nominal GDP (in US$ trillion)
GDP per Capita (PPP)
GDP per capita is a measure of a country’s total output calculated by taking its GDP for a given period (usually, one year) and dividing the figure by its average total population for the period. Per capita GDP is commonly used as an indicator of standards of living, as well as a measure of the productivity of the country’s workforce. GDP per capita (at Purchasing Power ParityPurchasing Power ParityThe concept of Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) is required to make multilateral comparisons between the national incomes and living standards of) is determined based on purchasing power parity (PPP) calculations. PPP allows comparing the standard of living and incomes of different countries, taking into consideration price levels in these countries.
The GDP per capita (PPP) figures below were published by International Monetary Fund in 2017.
Figure 2. GDP per Capita (PPP) (in US$)
GDP per Hour Worked
GDP per hour worked is an indicator of the country’s labor productivity. It measures how efficiently labor is combined with other factors and used in production process. GDP per hour worked is calculated as real output per unit of labor input (measured by the total number of hours worked).
The following data were published by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in 2015.
Figure 3. GDP per hour worked (in US$)
Related Readings
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