What is Operating Risk? Operating risk is the risk related to a company’s cost structure. More specifically, it is the risk the company faces due to the level of fixed costs in its operations. Together with sales risk, operating risk is one of the two components of business risk. Operating Risk as a Component of Business…
What are the Drags and Pulls on Liquidity? The drags and pulls on liquidity are the factors that negatively affect a company’s cash inflows and outflows by determining a deterioration in its liquidity position. A drag on liquidity exists when cash inflows lag, for example, because a company is facing trouble with the collection of…
What is Narrow Money? Narrow money is a way of measuring and categorizing the money supply within an economy. It includes specific kinds of money that are highly liquid. Due to its liquidity, it is easily accessible and can be used for immediate spending. Some examples include cash or checkable deposits. It is important to…
A staple in classical economics, the neutrality of money theory suggests that changes in the supply of money within an economy only affect nominal economic variables such as exchange rates, wages, and the prices of goods and services. Changes in the money supply do not affect real economic variables, such as consumption, employment, and real…
What is Demand for Money? The demand for money is the total amount of money that the population of an economy wants to hold. The three main reasons to hold money, as opposed to bonds, equity, or other financial asset classes, are as follows: A transactions-related reason – People need money on a regular basis…
What are Sources of Liquidity? For a company, its sources of liquidity are all the resources that can be used to generate cash. There are generally two major classes of sources of liquidity for a company: The primary sources of liquidity, which are either cash or other resources that can be converted into cash very…
What is Redlining? In the United States and Canada, redlining is the discriminatory and unethical practice of systematic denial of providing services, particularly financial services, to residents of certain neighborhoods or communities associated with a certain racial or ethnic group. The denial of services can be accomplished directly (e.g. prohibiting the granting of loans to…
What are Patents? Patents are documents that grant ownership of intellectual property – the idea of, or concept for, something – to an individual, group, or company. A patent ensures that the owning party can exclusively make, use, sell, import, and export the invention outlined in the document for a certain period of time. While…
What is Negative Assurance? Negative assurance is an accounting term used by auditors to inform external parties that a particular group of facts or financial data is deemed to be accurate since no contradicting evidence has been uncovered to dispute it. In other words, negative assurance confirms what an accountant does not know. Negative assurance…
What are Gilts? Gilts are bonds issued by the UK government. More specifically, the debt securities are issued by the Bank of England, by His or Her Majesty’s treasury, and are listed on the London Stock Exchange (LSE). The term is also used in other Commonwealth nations, such as India or South Africa. However, typically,…
