What are Equilibrium Term Structure Models? Equilibrium Term Structure Models (also known as Affine Term Structure Models) are stochastic interest rate models used to estimate the correct theoretical term structure. Equilibrium term structure models estimate the stochastic process that describes the dynamics of the yield curve (term structure). The models identify mis-pricing in the bond…
What is Utilitarianism? Utilitarianism is a normative theory of ethics that states that the ethical and moral justness of an action depends only on the consequences of that action. An action that increases everyone’s utility is morally and ethically just, whereas an action which decreases everyone’s utility is morally and ethically unjust. Utility is a…
What is Customer Satisfaction? Customer satisfaction is the degree to which products or services provided by a company meet a customer’s expectations. In other words, customer satisfaction is how satisfied a customer is after doing business with a company. Customer satisfaction not only measures how happy a customer is with their transactions with the business,…
What are Meeting Minutes? Meeting minutes are notes that are recorded during a meeting. They highlight the key issues that are discussed, motions proposed or voted on, and activities to be undertaken. The minutes of a meeting are usually taken by a designated member of the group. Their task is to provide an accurate record…
What is Extrinsic Motivation? Extrinsic motivation refers to behavior that is driven by external factors, such as a reward or avoidance of negative outcomes. Money is the most obvious example of an extrinsic motivation. Extrinsic motivation factors can be either tangible and intangible. Tangible factors are factors with a physical form. Any type…
What is Vicarious Liability? Vicarious liability is a legal term used to explain the legal responsibility one party may hold for actions that cause harm, even if they aren’t the party that directly caused the harm. Also sometimes referred to as imputed liability, vicarious liability states that any party who is in an authoritative legal…
What is a Pyramid Scheme? A pyramid scheme is an unsustainable business model in which original investors make money by recruiting others rather than by selling actual products or services. The model works by asking new investors to make an upfront payment so that they can be allowed to join the scheme. The money received…
What is a Ponzi Scheme? A Ponzi scheme is considered a fraudulent investment program. It involves using payments collected from new investors to pay off the earlier investors. The organizers of Ponzi schemes usually promise to invest the money they collect to generate supernormal profits with little to no risk. However, in the real sense,…
What is a Feasibility Study? A feasibility study, as the name suggests, is designed to reveal whether a project/plan is feasible. It is an assessment of the practicality of a proposed project/plan. A feasibility study is part of the initial design stage of any project/plan. It is conducted in order to objectively uncover the strengths…
What is Volatility Ratio? Volatility ratio refers to a technical measure of the changes in the prices of a given security. It enables investors and traders to identify price patterns. It is used in technical analysis to understand the current direction of the price movement of a security relative to the previous day, or any…
