What are the Types of Audit Opinions? In the independent auditor’s report, an auditor can issue one of five different opinions: Clean (unqualified) opinion; Qualified opinion due to a GAAP departure; Qualified opinion due to a scope limitation; Adverse opinion due to a GAAP departure; and Disclaimer of opinion due to a scope limitation. A…
What is Lower of Cost or Market (LCM) Lower of cost or market (LCM) is an inventory valuation method required for companies that follow U.S. GAAP. In the lower of cost or market inventory valuation method, as the name implies, inventory is valued at the lower of original cost or market value. Rationale Behind Lower…
Bloomberg Functions To be more productive, faster, and more efficient when performing financial analysis or research it’s important to be proficient at using the Bloomberg Terminal. That means knowing the most important Bloomberg functions. Whether you work in investment banking, equity research, or other areas of the capital markets, you’ll have to learn how to…
What is a Prospectus? A prospectus is a legal disclosure document that provides information about an investment offering to the public, and that is required to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) or local regulator. The prospectus contains information about the company, its management team, recent financial performance, and other related information…
What is CapIQ? CapIQ (short for Capital IQ) is a market intelligence platform designed by Standard & Poor’s (S&P). The platform is widely used in many areas of corporate finance, including investment banking, equity research, asset management, and more. The Capital IQ platform provides research, data, and analysis on private and public companies to help…
Where to Find Public Company Filings and Reports Public company filings are an important source of data and information for financial analysts. Knowing where to find this information is a critical first step in performing financial analysis and financial modeling. This guide will outline the most common sources of public company filings. Company Investor Relations (IR)…
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What is the MD&A Section of a 10-K? The Management Discussions and Analysis (MD&A) is a section of the annual report or SEC filing 10-K that provides an overview of how the company performed in the prior period, its current financial condition, and management’s future projections and outlook. The Management Discussion and Analysis helps potential…
What are SEC filings? SEC filings are financial statements, periodic reports, and other formal documents that public companies, broker-dealers, and insiders are required to submit to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The SEC was created in the 1930s with the aim to curb stock manipulation and fraud that was taking place among companies….
