What is the Euro to Dollar (EUR/USD)? The Euro to Dollar exchange rate (EUR/USD or €/$ for short) is the amount in U.S. dollars that equals 1 Euro. It is the convention for quoting the exchange rate between the two currencies. This guide will provide an overview of the factors that impact the FX rate,…
What is Treasury Direct? Treasury Direct is the online platform through which investors can purchase U.S. government securities directly from the U.S. Treasury. Such securities include Treasury bills (T-bills), Treasury bonds, Treasury notes, or savings bonds that are backed by the U.S. government. Treasury Direct is most often used to purchase government bonds when they…
What is the Presidential Cycle? The Presidential Cycle is a theory that suggests that the United States stock market experiences a decline in the first year a new president takes office. The theory was first developed by Yale Hirsch, a stock market historian. It suggests that the US presidential elections exert a predictable effect on…
What is Credit Valuation Adjustment (CVA)? Credit Valuation Adjustment (CVA) is the price that an investor would pay to hedge the counterparty credit risk of a derivative instrument. It reduces the mark-to-market value of an asset by the value of the CVA. Credit Valuation Adjustment was introduced as a new requirement for fair value accounting…
What is Mean-Variance Analysis? Mean-Variance Analysis is a technique that investors use to make decisions about financial instruments to invest in, based on the amount of risk that they are willing to accept (risk tolerance). Ideally, investors expect to earn higher returns when they invest in riskier assets. When measuring the level of risk, investors…
What is Signaling? Signaling refers to the act of using insider information to initiate a trading position. It occurs when an insider releases crucial information about a company that triggers the buying or selling of its stock by people who do not ordinarily possess insider information. The actions of the insider are considered a market…
What is Short Interest? Short interest refers to the number of shares sold short but not yet repurchased or covered. The short interest of a company can be indicated as an absolute number or as a percentage of shares outstanding. The short interest is looked at by investors to help determine the prevailing market sentiment…
What is a Non-Callable Preferred Stock? Non-callable preferred stock (also known as non-redeemable preferred stock) is a type of preferred stock shares that do not include a callable feature. In other words, the issuer of non-callable preferred shares does not have the option to buy back the issued shares (call) at some predetermined price after…
What is a Currency Option Bond? A currency option bond is a security that offers returns in multiple currencies. The holder of a currency option bond can choose the currency in which they would like to be paid. The feature extends to both the coupon payments and the principal payment. Practical Example An American manufacturer…
