What is the Queuing Theory? The Queuing Theory is concerned with studying all the various dynamics of lines – or “queues” – and how they may be made to operate more efficiently. It is essentially the study of “waiting in line,” including how people behave when they have to queue up to make a purchase…
What is a Debit Note? A debit note is a commercial document, common in business to business (B2B) transactions, that either buyers or sellers may use regarding the amount due for a sale of goods or services. It is essentially an additional note related to an invoice, usually indicating the need to adjust the invoiced…
What is the Vietnamese Dong (VND)? The Vietnamese Dong refers to Vietnam’s official currency and is represented by ISO code VND. The word “dong” implies money in Vietnamese; it means adding the word after a country’s name would refer to any currency. For example, the U.S dollar will become the U.S dong, and hence, the…
What is the Russian Ruble (RUB)? The Russian Ruble refers to Russia’s currency. Coming into use in the 14th century, the ruble is the second oldest currency after the Sterling Pound. In 1704, it became the first European currency to be decimalized, when the ruble was equivalent to 100 kopeks. Russian ruble notes are printed…
What is the Hong Kong Dollar (HKD)? The Hong Kong Dollar refers to Hong Kong’s national currency and is represented by the ISO code HKD and symbol HK$. It is also used as an alternate currency in Macau, where it circulates along with the Macanese pataca. HKD is among the most exchanged currencies around the…
What is the Swedish Krona (SEK)? The Swedish Krona refers to Sweden’s official currency and is represented by ISO code SEK. It is also called the Swedish crown since, in Swedish, krona simply means “crown.” The responsibility of issuing SEK banknotes and coins lies with the Sveriges Riksbank, also identified as the Bank of Sweden…
What is the Philippine Peso (PHP)? The Philippine Peso refers to the Philippines’s official currency and is represented by ISO code PHP. The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP), the Philippines’ central bank, mints and prints the banknotes and the coins at its complex in Quezon City. PHP is also called piso, a Filipino name. Since…
What is the Afghan Afghani (AFN)? Afghan Afghani refers to the official currency of Afghanistan and is represented by ISO code AFN. It is issued by Da Afghanistan Bank, the country’s central bank, which aims to minimize the likelihood of inflation while retaining a floating exchange rate system. In recent decades, Afghanistan experienced many modifications…
What is a Quiet Period? A quiet period refers to, essentially, a blackout of information time period for communications from publicly traded companies, a practice that is required by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in the United States. So-called “quiet periods” actually exist in reference to two situations for companies that issue public stock…
