What is a Defined-Benefit Plan? A defined-benefit plan is an employer-promised specified/pre-determined pension payment plan that can be received in a lump sum, periodically, or both. The payment plan is “defined” in advance and based on the employee’s earnings history, tenure, and age – not solely on the individual investment returns. For most…
What are Earnings? Earnings refer to the income that an individual or organization gains during a certain period. They can be found on a company’s income statement and are used to measure the profitability of that company. Higher recurring earnings usually indicate better financial performance and can positively impact stock prices. However, the…
What is a Shareholders’ Agreement? A shareholders’ agreement is an arrangement among the shareholders of a company. It contains provisions regarding the operation of the company and the relationship between its shareholders. A shareholders’ agreement is also known as a stockholders’ agreement. It protects both the corporate entity and the shareholders’ investment in that entity….
What is Renewable Energy? Renewable energy is the energy that is extracted by renewable resources – such as sunlight, wind, waves, heat, etc. In contrast, non-renewable energy would be sources such as coal, nuclear, oil, and natural gas, as they are available in limited supplies and take a long time to be replenished. Main Types…
What are Infrastructure Investments? Infrastructure investments are a form of “real assets,” which contain physical assets we see in everyday life like bridges, roads, highways, sewage systems, or energy. Such a type of asset is quite crucial in a country’s development. Often, investors invest in infrastructure, as it is non-cyclical, and it offers stable and…
What is the Equation of Exchange? The equation of exchange is a mathematical equation for the quantity theory of money in economies, which identifies the relationship among the factors of: Money Supply Velocity of Money Price Level Expenditure Level The Equation of Exchange Explained The equation of exchange was derived by economist John Stuart Mill….
What is Capital Markets Education? Capital markets education is an undertaking that involves understanding how capital markets work, their products, and the role they play in the economy and investing. Capital markets are the exchange system that moves capital from people looking to invest for a return to the users of capital who require the…
What is an Equity Fund? An equity fund refers to an investment fund that is primarily invested in equities or stocks. It is usually categorized by different investment styles, market capitalization ranges, or different geographies. Equity funds are also referred to as stock funds. Understanding Equity Funds Equity funds are pools of capital that many…
What is an Equity Market? An equity market is a hub in which shares of companies are issued and traded. The market comes in the form of an exchange – which facilitates the trade between buyers and sellers – or over-the-counter (OTC) in which buyers and sellers find each other. The equity market is also…
What is an Endowment Fund? An endowment fund is an investment portfolio with the initial capital deriving from donations. Endowment funds are established to fund charitable and nonprofit institutions such as churches, hospitals, and universities. Donations to endowment funds are tax-deductible. The Harvard University endowment is the largest academic endowment fund in the world, with…
