What is a Direct Listing? A direct listing is a process by which a company can go public by selling existing shares instead of offering new ones. Companies that choose to go public using the direct listing method usually have different goals than those that use an initial public offering (IPO). Direct Listing vs. Initial…
What are Poor Credit Warning Signs? Individuals, specifically those who are are struggling with their personal finances, need to watch out for poor credit warning signs. If you have missed out on your financial obligations for a month or more, the events will be reflected in your credit report. Most people are afraid to check…
What is Expected Default Frequency (EDF)? Expected Default Frequency (EDF) is a credit measure that was developed by Moody’s Analytics as part of the KMV model. EDF measures the probability that a company will default on payments within a given period by failing to honor the interest and principal payments, usually within a period of…
What is an Installment Loan? An installment loan refers to both commercial and personal loans that are extended to borrowers and that require regular payments. Each of the regular payments for the loan includes a portion of the principal amount, as well as a portion of the interest on the debt. The amount of each…
What is Altman’s Z-Score Model? Altman’s Z-Score model is a numerical measurement that is used to predict the chances of a business going bankrupt in the next two years. The model was developed by American finance professor Edward Altman in 1968 as a measure of the financial stability of companies. Altman’s Z-score model is considered…
What is a Simple Capital Structure? A simple capital structure is a capital structure that contains no potentially dilutive securities. In other words, a simple capital structure consists only of common stock, nonconvertible debt, and nonconvertible preferred stock. Types of Capital Structure Simple capital structure Complex capital structure As outlined above, a simple capital structure…
What are Online Payment Companies? Online payment companies are responsible for handling online or internet-based methods of payment. The online payment systems allow the seller to accept payments and the buyer to send payments over the internet. Examples of online payment companies include PayPal, Alipay, WeChat Pay, Paytm, Google Pay, and Apple Pay. Online Payment…
What is Participative Budgeting? Participative budgeting is a budgeting process in which the people who are in the lower levels of management are involved in the budget preparation process. Unlike the imposed budgeting process, participative budgeting shares the responsibility with lower-level managers to give them a sense of ownership in the business. Participative budgeting also…
What is a Back Charge? A back charge is a bill sent for an expense that occurred at a previous time. Some of the reasons why such a charge may occur include collecting payment on a good/service that wasn’t paid before or correction of a bill that included an incorrect expense. Back charges should be…
