What is First-In First-Out (FIFO)? The First-in First-out (FIFO) method of inventory valuation is based on the assumption that the sale or usage of goods follows the same order in which they are bought. In other words, under the first-in, first-out method, the earliest purchased or produced goods are sold/removed and expensed first. Therefore, the…
What is Interest Payable? Interest Payable is a liability account, shown on a company’s balance sheet, which represents the amount of interest expense that has accrued to date but has not been paid as of the date on the balance sheet. In short, it represents the amount of interest currently owed to lenders. For example,…
What is the Double Declining Balance Depreciation Method? The double declining balance depreciation method is a form of accelerated depreciation that doubles the regular depreciation approach. It is frequently used to depreciate fixed assets more heavily in the early years, which allows the company to defer income taxes to later years. This guide will explain…
What is a Contra Account? In bookkeeping, a contra asset account is an asset account in which the natural balance of the account will either be a zero or a credit (negative) balance. The account offsets the balance in the respective asset account that it is paired with on the balance sheet. Normal asset accounts…
What is Payroll Accounting? Payroll accounting is essentially the calculation, management, recording, and analysis of employees’ compensation. In addition, payroll accounting also includes reconciling for benefits, withholding taxes, and deductions related to compensation. The calculation of payroll is highly influenced by each country’s legal requirements (it may also depend on state or local city requirements)….
What is the Cost Method? The cost method of accounting is used for recording certain investments in a company’s financial statements. This method is used when the investor exerts little or no influence over the investment that it owns, which is typically represented as owning less than 20% of the company. The investment is recorded…
What is a Bank Reconciliation? A bank reconciliation statement is a document that compares the cash balance on a company’s balance sheet to the corresponding amount on its bank statement. Reconciling the two accounts helps identify whether accounting changes are needed. Bank reconciliations are completed at regular intervals to ensure that the company’s cash records…
Financial Statements for Banks While the general structure of financial statements for banks isn’t that much different from a regular company, the nature of banking operations means that there are significant differences in the sub-classification of accounts. Banks use much more leverage than other businesses and earn a spread between the interest income they generate…
What are Permanent/Temporary Differences in Tax Accounting? As described in CFI’s income tax overview, the difference in accounting for taxes between financial statements and tax returns creates permanent and temporary differences in tax expense on the income statement. The financial statements will arrive at a tax expense, but the actual tax payable will come from…
What is Gross vs Net? Gross means the total or whole amount of something, whereas net means what remains from the whole after certain deductions are made. For example, a company with revenues of $10 million and expenses of $8 million reports a gross income of $10 million (the whole) and net income of $2…
