Forward P/E Ratio
The Forward Price-to-Earnings or Forward P/E Ratio The forward P/E ratio (or forward price-to-earnings ratio) divides the current share price of a company by the estimated future (“forward”) earnings per share (EPS) of that company. For valuation purposes, a forward P/E ratio is typically considered more relevant than a historical P/E ratio. What is the...
Unlevered Cost of Capital
What is the Unlevered Cost of Capital? The unlevered cost of capital is the implied rate of return a company expects to earn on its assets, without the effect of debt. A company that wants to undertake a project will have to allocate capital or money for it. Theoretically, the capital could be generated either...
Market Cap to GDP Ratio (The Buffett Indicator)
What is the Market Cap to GDP Ratio? The Market Cap to GDP Ratio (also known as the Buffett Indicator) is a measure of the total value of all publicly-traded stocks in a country, divided by that country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). It used as a broad way of assessing whether the country’s stock market...
Adjusted Present Value (APV)
What is Adjusted Present Value (APV)? Adjusted Present Value (APV) is used for the valuation of projects and companies. It takes the net present value (NPV), plus the present value of debt financing costs, which include interest tax shields, costs of debt issuance, costs of financial distress, financial subsidies, etc. So why do we use Adjusted Present...
Types of Valuation Multiples
What are Valuation Multiples? Valuation multiples are financial measurement tools that evaluate one financial metric as a ratio of another, in order to make different companies more comparable. Multiples are the proportion of one financial metric (i.e. Share Price) to another financial metric (i.e. Earnings per Share). It is an easy way to compute a company’s...
