What are Property and Casualty (P&C) Insurers? Property and casualty (P&C) insurers are companies that provide coverage on assets (e.g., house, car, etc.) and also liability insurance for accidents, injuries, and damage to other people or their belongings. Coverage for Property and Casualty Insurers Outlined in the Canadian Institute of Actuaries, property and casualty insurers…
What are Foreign Exchange Reserves? Foreign exchange reserves refer to foreign assets held by the central bank of a country. Foreign assets comprise assets that are not denominated in the domestic currency of the country. For example, US government bonds held by the Bank of Japan are foreign assets for Japan. For most central banks…
What is a Non-Recourse Loan? A non-recourse loan limits the assets of a borrower that a lender can pursue to recover the loan amount in the event of default. If the borrower defaults on the loan, the lender can only go after the asset(s) that were designated as collateral for the loan. The lender cannot…
What is Incremental Budgeting? Incremental budgeting is a type of a budgeting process that is based on the idea that a new budget can best be developed by making only some marginal changes to the current budget. In other words, with incremental budgeting, the current budget is used as a base to which incremental assumptions…
What is the H-Model? The H-model is a quantitative method of valuing a company’s stock price. The model is very similar to the two-stage dividend discount model. However, it differs in that it attempts to smooth out the growth rate over time, rather than abruptly changing from the high growth period to the stable growth…
What are Metal Royalties and Streams? Metal royalty and streaming companies fund mines in exchange for money or precious metal. Mines often have trouble getting funding through traditional routes, such as banks, because of the high costs and unpredictable revenue associated with the mining industry. This is why they borrow funds from royalty and streaming companies….
What is the Barbell Strategy? The barbell strategy involves investors purchasing short-term and long-term bonds, but not intermediate-term bonds. The particular distribution on the two extreme ends of the maturity timeline creates a barbell shape. The strategy offers investors exposure to high yielding bonds with limited risk. Why Use a Barbell Strategy? The barbell strategy…
What is Rolling Down the Yield Curve? Rolling down the yield curve is when investors sell bonds before their maturity date, in order to get a higher profit. This is a fixed income strategy that investors use in a low interest rate environment. The strategy gets its name from the fact that investors are selling…
What is Gross Gaming Revenue (GGR)? Gross gaming revenue (GGR), also called game yield, is a key metric used by gambling and betting companies. It reflects the difference between the amount of money players wager minus the amount that they win. It is important to note that gross gaming revenue is equivalent to “sales” or…
What is the Cash Turnover Ratio (CTR)? The cash turnover ratio (CTR) is an efficiency ratio that shows the number of times cash is turned over in an accounting period. The cash turnover ratio works most effectively for companies that do not offer credit sales. Formula for the Cash Turnover Ratio The formula for calculating…
