What are ADRs? American Depository Receipts (ADRs) are stocks that are sold in the US market but represent ownership of the underlying shares in a foreign company. An ADR trades in US dollars and they allow investors to avoid the risk of transacting in a foreign currency. Before the introduction of American Depository Receipts, investors…
What is LIBOR? LIBOR, which is an acronym of London Interbank Offer Rate, refers to the interest rate that UK banks charge other financial institutions for short-term loans. The loan maturities vary from one day to one year. LIBOR acts as a benchmarking base for short-term interest rates for prices of securities such as currency…
What is Expected Return? The expected return on an investment is the expected value of the probability distribution of possible returns it can provide to investors. The return on the investment is an unknown variable that has different values associated with different probabilities. Expected return is calculated by multiplying potential outcomes (returns) by the chances of…
What is Short Covering? Short covering, also called “buying to cover”, refers to the purchase of securities by an investor to close a short position in the stock market. The process is closely related to short selling. In fact, short covering is part of short selling, which involves the risky practice of borrowing and selling…
What is Rolling LEAP Options? Rolling LEAP options refers to extending the trading duration of stock options to the next trading period. Investors rollover options to manage a winning or losing position. In a losing position, they extend the time to hopefully prevent losses before they close the position. However, they must possess sufficient and…
What is an L Bond? An L Bond refers to an unrated life insurance bond that finances the purchase and premium payments of life insurance contracts bought in the secondary market. The bond offers a higher yield than other publicly traded offerings to compensate for the risk that the insurance policy benefits may not be…
What is Market Value Added? Market value added (MVA) is the amount of wealth that a company is able to create for its stakeholders since its foundation. In simple terms, it’s the difference between the current market value of the company’s stock and the initial capital that was invested in the company by both bondholders…
What is Passive Income? Passive income is any money earned in a manner that does not require too much effort. There are several passive income-generating ideas that require a lot of work to begin with, like developing a blog or leasing property, but eventually, they earn money even when the owner is asleep. Reasons for…
What is Coattail Investing? Coattail investing refers to an investment strategy where an investor replicates the investment style of well-known successful investors. Individual investors use information published on the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) website to know what companies a specific investor invested in. Coattail investing works well when the institution or investor being mimicked invests…
