What is Gross Pay? Gross pay refers to the amount used to calculate the wages of an employee (hourly) or salary (for the salaried employee). It is the total amount of remuneration before removing taxes and other deductions such as Medicare, social security, insurance, and contributions to pension and charity. Components of Gross Pay Gross…
5 Ways to Negotiate a Pay Raise Money, in the form of salary, is undoubtedly the highest motivating factor for every employee. Benefits and the environment they work in follow. After staying several years at the same company, a worker will definitely start to consider negotiating for a pay raise, not just as part of…
Top Finance Certifications at a Glance To support your career goals, here’s a snapshot of best certifications for finance and accounting, the roles they align with, and the specialized skills they help develop: FMVA® – Financial Modeling & Valuation Analyst Best for financial modeling and valuation in corporate finance, FP&A, and investment banking. CFA –…
What are Fringe Benefits? Fringe benefits are the additional benefits offered to an employee, above the stated salary for the performance of a specific service. Some fringe benefits such as social security and health insurance are required by law, while others are voluntarily provided by the employer. Examples of optional fringe benefits include free breakfast…
What is a Fallen Angel? A fallen angel is a bond that was rated investment-grade but has since been downgraded to junk status due to the declining financial position of its issuer. The bond is downgraded by one or more of the big three rating services – Fitch, Moody’s and Standard & Poor’s (S&P). A…
What is Crack Spread? Crack spread refers to the pricing difference between a barrel of crude oil and its byproducts such as gasoline, heating oil, kerosene, and fuel oil. The business of refining crude oil into various components requires careful attention to market prices for the various byproducts. The spread estimates the profit margin that…
What is an Asset Class? An asset class is a group of similar investment vehicles. Different classes, or types, of investment assets – such as fixed-income investments – are grouped together based on having a similar financial structure. They are typically traded in the same financial markets and subject to the same rules and regulations….
What is Proprietary Trading? Proprietary Trading (Prop Trading) occurs when a bank or firm trades stocks, derivatives, bonds, commodities, or other financial instruments in its own account, using its own money instead of using clients’ money. This enables the firm to earn full profits from a trade rather than just the commission it receives from processing…
What are Junk Bonds? Junk bonds, also known as high-yield bonds, are bonds that are rated below investment grade by the big three rating agencies (see image below). Junk bonds carry a higher risk of default than other bonds, but they pay higher returns to make them attractive to investors. The main issuers of such…
What is a Mortgage-Backed Security (MBS)? A Mortgage-backed Security (MBS) is a debt security that is collateralized by a mortgage or a collection of mortgages. An MBS is an asset-backed security that is traded on the secondary market, and that enables investors to profit from the mortgage business without the need to directly buy or…
