What are Bond Ratings? Bond ratings are representations of the creditworthiness of corporate or government bonds. The ratings are published by credit rating agencies and provide evaluations of a bond issuer’s financial strength and capacity to repay the bond’s principal and interest according to the contract. The three private independent rating agencies – S&P, Moody’s,…
What is Over-the-Counter? Over-the-counter (OTC) is the trading of securities between two counterparties executed outside of formal exchanges and without the supervision of an exchange regulator. OTC trading is done in over-the-counter markets (a decentralized place with no physical location), through dealer networks. Contrary to trading on formal exchanges, over-the-counter trading does not require the…
What are Vulture Funds? Vulture funds are a subset of hedge funds that invest in distressed securities that have a high chance of default. The fund buys risky debt instruments at highly discounted prices in the secondary market and benefits by taking legal action against the issuers for debt recovery. Vulture fund portfolio managers seek…
What is a Reverse Convertible Note (RCN)? A Reverse Convertible Note (RCN) is a short-term investment option that can be very helpful to investors suffering from some cash flow problems. RCNs are securities that offer a consistent and predictable income, rivaling and surpassing traditional returns, including returns investors generally only see from high-yield bonds. The…
What is Value at Risk (VaR)? Value at Risk (VaR) is a financial metric that estimates the risk of an investment. More specifically, VaR is a statistical technique used to measure the amount of potential loss that could happen in an investment portfolio over a specified period of time. Value at Risk gives the probability…
What is a Convertible Bond? A convertible bond is a type of debt security that provides an investor with a right or an obligation to exchange the bond for a predetermined number of shares in the issuing company at certain times of a bond’s lifetime. It is a hybrid security that possesses features of both…
What are Options: Calls and Puts? An option is a derivative, a contract that gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell the underlying asset by a certain date (expiration date) at a specified price (strike price). There are two types of options: calls and puts. American-style options can be…
What is a Golden Cross? A Golden Cross is a basic technical indicator that occurs in the market when a short-term moving average (50-day) of an asset rises above a long-term moving average (200-day). When traders see a Golden Cross occur, they view this chart pattern as indicative of a strong bull market. Chart Source…
What is Sukuk? Sukuk (Islamic bond or “Sharia-compliant” bond) is an Islamic financial certificate that represents a portion of ownership in a portfolio of eligible existing or future assets. They can be considered as an Islamic version of conventional bonds. Sharia (Islamic law) prohibits lending with interest payments (riba), which is considered usurious and exploitative…
