What is Technical Bankruptcy? Technical bankruptcy refers to a situation where an individual or entity (such as a corporation) is financially insolvent – has defaulted on debt payments – but neither they nor their creditor(s) has yet moved to file formal bankruptcy. In other words, they are effectively bankrupt, from a practical point of view,…
What is the Security Market Line (SML)? The security market line (SML) is a visual representation of the capital asset pricing model (CAPM). SML is a theoretical representation of the expected returns of assets based on systematic, non-diversifiable risk. Idiosyncratic risk is not included in the security market line. More broadly, the SML plots the…
What is Seigniorage? Seigniorage refers to the profit made by a government when it issues currency. It is simply the difference in the value of the currency versus the cost of producing it. For example, if a central government bank produces a bill worth $10 and it only costs $5 to make it, there is…
What is a Scatter Plot? A scatter plot is a chart type that is normally used to observe and visually display the relationship between variables. The values of the variables are represented by dots. The positioning of the dots on the vertical and horizontal axis will inform the value of the respective data point; hence,…
What are High Street Banks? High street banks are large retail banks that offer daily banking services (e.g. deposit and checking accounts, cash deposits and withdrawals, and credit facilities) to the public and small to mid-sized businesses. They are banks with many branches spreading into multiple cities and towns. Understanding High Street Banks The term “high…
What is the United States Dollar (USD)? The United States Dollar refers to the national currency of the U.S and is represented by the ISO code USD and is often abbreviated as US$. It is considered a standard currency and is the most widely used currency in international transactions. Additionally, USD is used as the…
What is the Turkish Lira (TRY)? The Turkish lira is the official currency of Northern Cyprus and Turkey. The new Turkish lira is the second issue that was introduced at the beginning of 2005. It is the same as 1 million of the previous Turkish lira. During the 2005 revaluation, the legislation deducted the last…
What is the Indian Rupee (INR)? The Indian rupee refers to India’s national currency and is represented by ISO code INR. It is regulated by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), the country’s central bank. The Indian rupee is named after the “rupiya,” a silver coin issued for the first time in the 16th century….
What is the Australian Dollar (AUD)? The Australian dollar refers to Australia’s official currency and is abbreviated as AUD. It is also the official currency of several regions, such as Norfolk Island, Christmas Island, and Keeling Islands. It is also currently used as the official currency by three sovereign Pacific Island nations – Nauru, Kiribati,…
What is the Swiss Franc (CHF)? The Swiss franc refers to Switzerland’s national currency and is represented by ISO code CHF. It was formally recognized as Switzerland’s currency in May 1850, replacing many currencies provided by its numerous member states. Switzerland consists of 26 member states, and German, Italian, French, and Romansh are its four…
