What is a Debt Instrument? A debt instrument is a fixed-income asset that legally obligates the debtor to provide the lender interest and principal payments. Accessing debt financing requires the debtor to pay the creditor according to pre-defined contractual terms. The contract should outline the interest payment schedule, collateral if applicable, interest rate, maturity date, covenants,…
What is an Audit Risk Model? An audit risk model is a conceptual tool applied by auditors to evaluate and manage the various risks arising from performing an audit engagement. The tool helps the auditor decide on the types of evidence and how much is needed for each relevant assertion. The audit risk model indicates…
What is a Deductible? A deductible refers to the amount a policyholder is required to pay before an insurance provider assumes an expense. The deductible is intended to prevent policyholders from making insurance claims that they can reasonably bear the cost for. The deductible shares the risk between the policyholder and insurer. Ultimately, insurance companies…
What are Dissenters’ Rights? Dissenters’ rights – part of a state’s business law – enable a company’s shareholders to get cash payments equivalent to the fair value of the shares he/she is holding in the company if the management of the company undergoes a major transaction that the shareholders do not consent or agree with….
What are Distributed Ledgers? Distributed ledgers are the databases shared across a network and spread over various geographical locations. A ledger is a collection of financial accounts and, in such a case, distributed means spread out and controlled globally. Thus, distributed ledgers are held and reorganized by multiple parties in different locations and institutions. Distributed…
What is Distributed Ledger Technology? Distributed ledger technology refers to a digital system that records transactions related to assets. The transactions and other details are simultaneously recorded at numerous places. The database recorded through distributed ledger technology does not include an administration facility or central data storage. Instead, the database exists among several participants or…
What is Decision Theory? Decision theory is the study of a person or agents’ choices. The theory helps us understand the logic behind the choices professionals, consumers, or even voters make. The choices come with consequences and are usually discussed in two separate but distinct branches. The branches consist of Normative Decision Theory and Optimal…
What is Energy Return on Investment (EROI)? Energy return on investment (EROI) is a ratio that measures the amount of usable energy delivered from an energy source versus the amount of energy used to get that energy resource. In other words, the EROI function compares the cost of an energy plant to the revenues gained…
What is the Emerging Market Bond Index (EMBI)? The Emerging Market Bond Index (EMBI) is a benchmark index that measures the bond performance of emerging countries and their respective corporate organizations. The EMBI was first published by leading investment bank J.P. Morgan. An emerging market is a market economy that is currently in the growth…
