What is a Social Audit? In business, a social audit refers to a formal evaluation (or audit) of a company’s procedures and endeavors with regard to corporate social responsibility (CSR) and societal impact. Many companies formulate goals and objectives with regard to CSR initiatives, and the social audit is used to review to what extent…
What is the Evening Star Pattern? The Evening Star pattern is a type of reversal pattern of asset price charts. It usually appears at the top of an uptrend and is a bearish signal. Traders do not commonly see an Evening Star pattern, but it is a reliable indicator for technical analysis. Understanding Evening Star…
What is Ex Gratia Payment? An ex gratia payment is a type of payment made by an organization to an individual for damages or claims without recognizing any legal obligation. “Ex gratia” means “by favor” or “by virtue of grace” in Latin. Thus, an ex gratia payment is a voluntary payment that is not a…
What is Ex Works (EXW)? Ex Works (EXW) is one of the International Commercial Terms (Incoterms), in which buyers are responsible for the shipment and subject to risks. It is a commonly used shipping agreement. In addition to EXW, another ten Incoterms describe the responsibilities between sellers (or shippers) and buyers (or consignees) in terms…
What is Excess Cash Flow? Excess cash flow refers to the cash held by a company that can trigger a mandatory repayment of debt according to the company’s bond indenture. It is a term typically used in the restrictive covenants in loan agreements or bond indentures. Understanding Excess Cash Flow Debt is a cheap and…
What are Excess Reserves? Excess reserves refer to the cash held by a bank or other financial institution above the reserve requirement that an authority sets. The amount of excess reserves is equal to the total reserves reduced by the required reserves. Holding excess reserves leads to the opportunity cost of investing the cash for…
What is Stochastic RSI (StochRSI)? The stochastic RSI (StochRSI) is a technical indicator used to measure the strength and weakness of the relative strength indicator (RSI) over a set period of time. StochRSI derives its values from the RSI. Basically, a stochastic oscillator is applied to a set of RSI values; Hence, it is based…
What is a Stock Appreciation Right (SAR)? A Stock Appreciation Right (SAR) refers to the right to be paid compensation equivalent to an increase in the company’s common stock price over a base or the value of appreciation of the equity shares currently being traded on the public market. An SAR is a form of…
What is the Sticky Wage Theory? The sticky wage theory is an economic concept describing how wages adjust slowly to changes in labor market conditions. Unlike other markets where prices are dictated by supply and demand, wages tend to remain above equilibrium as employees resist wage cuts. Wages can remain sticky for a variety of…
What is Stochastic Modeling? In finance, stochastic modeling is used to estimate potential outcomes where randomness or uncertainty is present. By allowing for random variation in the inputs, stochastic models are used to estimate the probability of various outcomes. Stochastic modeling allows financial institutions to include uncertainties in their estimates, accounting for situations where outcomes…
