What is Haggling? Haggling occurs when two parties involved in a transaction negotiate until a common ground is met. Common ground is met when the two parties involved make back-and-forth offers until a price is agreed upon. The price agreed upon is generally fair and equitable for both parties involved. Haggling is another word for…
What is Hammering? Hammering is a term used for when speculators in a financial market rapidly sell stocks that are perceived to be overvalued. It is done to save potential financial losses. Most commonly, hammering comes after an asteroid event. What is a Speculator, Stock, and an Asteroid Event? A speculator is someone who uses…
What is the Expedited Funds Availability Act (EFAA)? The Expedited Funds Availability Act (EFAA) is a United States law that requires banks to make deposits and checks available within a standardized period. The law was enacted in 1987 to control the holding periods on the funds deposited in customers’ accounts in commercial banks. Expedited Funds…
What is the Expenditure Method? The expenditure method is a technique for measuring a country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by incorporating imports, exports, investments, consumption, and government spending. The expenditure method can be regarded as the frequently used method to measure GDP. According to the expenditure method, both private and public sector expenses incurred within…
What is the K-Percent Rule? The K-percent rule, proposed by economist and Nobel Prize winner Milton Friedman, is a monetary policy rule that requires central banks to increase the money supply irrespective of the condition of the economy. Friedman proposed that central banks should boost the money circulating in the economy by a certain percentage…
What is Expected Utility? Expected utility is a theory in economics that estimates the utility of an action when the outcome is uncertain. It advises choosing the action or event with the maximum expected utility. At any point in time, the expected utility will be the weighted average of all the probable utility levels that…
What is a Keepwell Agreement? A keepwell agreement is an arrangement initiated between a parent company and one of its subordinate businesses. The parent company promises that it will provide the subsidiary with all the financing requirements for a specific time period. A keepwell agreement can be referred to as a comfort letter. A keepwell…
What is Stare Decisis? Stare decisis is a legal term that refers to the doctrine of precedent, well established in common law – court rulings being guided by previous judicial decisions. The term is derived from a Latin phrase that means “to stand by things decided” or “let the decision stand.” Understanding…
What is Shortfall? Shortfall occurs whenever there is a mismatch between supply and demand. It is applicable to a variety of financial situations. The situation may be an actual circumstance that exists here and now, or the shortfall may be a projected possible future occurrence. For example, when a business experiences a cash flow problem…
