What is the Binomial Interest Rate Tree? The binomial interest rate tree is a graphical representation of possible interest rate values at different periods of time, under the assumption that at each time period, the interest rate may either increase or decrease with a certain probability. Essentially, the binomial interest rate tree is concerned with the…
What is Regression Analysis? Regression analysis is a set of statistical methods used for the estimation of relationships between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. It can be utilized to assess the strength of the relationship between variables and for modeling the future relationship between them. Regression analysis includes several variations, such…
What is the CAPE Ratio? The CAPE Ratio (also known as the Shiller P/E or PE 10 Ratio) is an acronym for the Cyclically-Adjusted Price-to-Earnings Ratio. The ratio is calculated by dividing a company’s stock price by the average of the company’s earnings for the last ten years, adjusted for inflation. Financial Analysts use the Cyclically-Adjusted…
What is MiFID II? MiFID II is the revision of the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID), originally published in 2004. It is the foundation of financial legislation for the European Union, designed to assist traders, investors, and other participants in the financial sector. The primary goal of MiFID II is to keep financial markets…
What is Sustainable Growth Rate? The sustainable growth rate is the rate of growth that a company can expect to see in the long term. Often referred to as G, the sustainable growth rate can be calculated by multiplying a company’s earnings retention rate by its return on equity. The growth rate can be calculated on…
What is a Principal Payment? A principal payment is a payment toward the original amount of a loan that is owed. In other words, a principal payment is a payment made on a loan that reduces the remaining loan amount due, rather than applying to the payment of interest charged on the loan. In accounting…
What is the Operating Cash to Debt Ratio? The Operating Cash to Debt Ratio measures the percentage of a company’s total debt that is covered by its operating cash flow for a given accounting period. The operating cash flow refers to the cash that a company generates through its core operating activities. This usually represents the…
What is the Accounts Receivable to Sales Ratio? The Accounts Receivable to Sales Ratio is a business liquidity ratio that measures how much of a company’s sales occur on credit. When a company has a larger percentage of its sales happening on a credit basis, it may run into short-term liquidity problems. Such a scenario…
What is an Open Market? An open market is an economic system with no trade barriers to free market activities. In an open market, buyers and sellers can do business freely without common market barriers, such as unfair licensing agreements, arbitrary taxes, unionization, subsidies, and other regulations that affect regular market operations. Understanding the Open…
What is Equivalisation? Equivalisation is a standard methodology in economics in which the household income is modified to account for the different financial needs of different household sizes and composition. The incomes of different household types are made comparable by accounting for shared consumption benefits. Considering the household size is important because the larger the…
