Secondary Market

What is the Secondary Market?

The secondary market is where investors buy and sell securities from other investors (think of stock exchanges). For example, if you want to buy Apple stock, you would purchase the stock from investors who already own the stock rather than Apple. Apple would not be involved in the transaction.

Examples of popular secondary markets are the National Stock Exchange (NSE), the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), the NASDAQ, and the London Stock Exchange (LSE).

Importance of a Secondary Market

The secondary market is important for several reasons:

• The secondary market helps measure the economic condition of a country. The rise or fall in share prices indicates a boom or recession cycle in an economy.
• The secondary market provides a good mechanism for a fair valuation of a company.
• The secondary market helps drive the price of securities towards their genuine, fair market value through the basic economic forces of supply and demand.
• The secondary market promotes economic efficiency. Each sale of a security involves a seller who values the security less than the price and a buyer who values the security more than the price.
• The secondary market allows for high liquidity – stocks can be easily bought and sold for cash.

The Difference Between Primary Market and Secondary Markets

There are two types of markets to invest in securities – the Primary Market and Secondary Market. These two markets are often confused with each other.

The Primary Market

The primary market is the market where securities are created. In the primary market, companies sell new stocks and bonds to investors for the first time. It is usually done through an Initial Public Offering (IPO).

Small investors are not able to purchase securities in the primary market because the issuing company and its investment bankers are looking to sell to large investors who can buy a lot of securities at once. The primary market provides financing for issuing companies.

The Secondary Market

This is the market where securities are traded. Investors trade securities without the involvement of the issuing companies. Investors buy and sell securities among themselves. The secondary market does not provide financing to issuing companies –they are not involved in the transaction. The amount received for a security in the secondary market is income for the investor who is selling the securities.

The primary market provides interaction between the company and the investor, while the secondary market is where investors buy and sell securities from other investors.

Secondary Market: Exchanges and OTC Market

1. Exchanges

Securities traded through a centralized place with no direct contact between seller and buyer. Examples are the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and the London Stock Exchange (LSE).

In an exchange-traded market, securities are traded via a centralized place (for example, the NYSE and the LSE). Buys and sells are conducted through the exchange and there is no direct contact between sellers and buyers. There is no counterparty risk – the exchange is the guarantor.

Exchange-traded markets are considered a safe place for investors to trade securities due to regulatory oversight. However, securities traded on an exchange-traded market face a higher transaction cost due to exchange fees and commissions.

2. Over-the-counter (OTC) Markets

No centralized place where securities are traded. In the over-the-counter market, securities are traded by market participants in a decentralized place (e.g., the foreign exchange market). The market is made up of all participants in the market trading among themselves. Since the over-the-counter market is not centralized, there is competition between providers to gain a higher trading volume for their company.

Prices for the securities vary from company to company. Therefore, the best price may not be offered by every seller in an OTC market. Since the parties trading on the OTC market are dealing with each other, OTC markets are prone to counterparty risk.

Other Resources

Thank you for reading CFI’s guide on Secondary Market. Learn more about trading markets and investing from the following CFI resources:

• Types of Markets – Dealers, Brokers, Exchanges
• Equity Capital Market
• Selling Group
• Stock Investment Strategies
• See all equities resources
• See all fixed income resources