Adjusted Present Value Template

Adjusted Present Value (APV) is used for the valuation of projects and companies. It takes the net present value (NPV), plus the present value of debt financing costs, which include interest tax shields, costs of debt issuance, costs of financial distress, financial subsidies, etc..

The Adjusted Present Value for valuation

The APV method to calculate the levered value (VL) of a firm or project consists of three steps:

Step 1

Calculate the value of the unlevered firm or project (VU), i.e. its value with all-equity financing. To do this, discount the stream of FCFs by the unlevered cost of capital (rU).

Step 2

Calculate the net value of the debt financing (PVF), which is the sum of various effects, including:

•       PV(Interest tax shields) – our main focus
•       PV(Issuance costs)
•       PV(Financial distress costs)
•       PV(Other market imperfections)

Step 3

Sum up the value of the unlevered project and the net value of debt financing to find the adjusted present value of the project. That is, VL = VU + PVF.

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